Для цитирования:
Dol A. V., Soloviev A. A., Levchenko K. K., Betsukov I. O., Gladysheva K. A., Ivanov D. V. Mechanical properties of menisci: A literature review and an experimental research plan [Доль А. В., Соловьев А. А., Левченко К. К., Бецуков И. О., Гладышева К. А., Иванов Д. В. Механические свойства менисков: обзор литературы и план экспериментальных исследований] // Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: Математика. Механика. Информатика. 2026. Т. 26, вып. 3. С. 418-436. DOI: 10.18500/1816-9791-2026-26-3-418-436, EDN: WATJTK
Mechanical properties of menisci: A literature review and an experimental research plan
[Механические свойства менисков: обзор литературы и план экспериментальных исследований]
Мениски коленного сустава обеспечивают перераспределение нагрузки, повышение конгруэнтности суставных поверхностей, стабилизацию сустава и участие в смазке и питании хряща. Для биомеханического и численного моделирования коленного сустава требуются достоверные параметры механического поведения менисков, учитывающие их анизотропию, неоднородность, нелинейность, вязкоупругость и пороупругие эффекты. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены экспериментальные исследования механических свойств менисков человека и животных. Особое внимание уделено методикам испытаний на растяжение, сжатие, сдвиг, релаксацию и индентирование. Отдельно проанализированы применяемые классы материальных моделей: линейно-упругие, двухфазные, поровязкоупругие, гиперупругие и модели повреждения. Показано, что разброс литературных данных в значительной степени обусловлен различиями в протоколах подготовки образцов, ориентации вырезки, условиях гидратации, способах закрепления, скорости нагружения и методах измерения деформации. На этой основе разработан план собственных исследований для отработки методики испытаний менисков на говяжьих образцах с целью идентификации их механических параметров.
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