Today, dental materials face a number of requirements related to the need to withstand to withstand high masticatory loads, while forming, while forming a strong interface with the surrounding biological tissues. The study of the microgeometrical properties of modern materials used to treat caries allows us to draw a conclusion about their efficacy in imitating the tooth tissues and and forming an interface devoid of various microdefects. In the present work, for this purpose, an ex vivo study of the surfaces of composite and glass ionomer cement filling sections, as well as enamel after polymer infiltration and tissues in their vicinity, was carried out using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained roughness parameter values for areas after dental treatment were compared with those of  sound tissues; one-way analysis of variance was used to assess statistically significant differences between the mean values of the studied characteristics. The results of the measurements allow us to conclude that the polymer infiltration into the tooth tissue was successful, and in the case of clinical need for filling, the composite material is preferable to glass ionomer cement.